学好英语需要坚持的一些要点有哪些？

　　作为北京翻译公司的一员，我们会总结出各种做好英语翻译所要了解的知识，想要做好英语翻译其中一点就是要坚持一些要点，下面详细为大家介绍：

　　As a member of Beijing Translation Company, we will sum up all kinds of knowledge we need to know to do a good job in English translation. One of the points we need to adhere to in order to do a good job in English translation is to stick to some key points.

　　一、学习好英语的必要坚持以下要点：

　　First, it is necessary to adhere to the following points in learning English well:

　　1、掌握语法。2、牢记词汇。3、练习听力。4、背诵范文和经常朗读。5、勇敢大胆的说出来。

　　1. Grammar. 2. Keep vocabulary in mind. 3. Practice listening. 4. Reciting model texts and reading aloud frequently. 5. Speak out boldly.

　　二、掌握以下英语常用术语：

　　2. Master the following common English terms:

　　1、morphology 形态学，形态学是用来特指一门专门研究生物形式的本质的学科。

　　1. Morphology. Morphology is a subject specializing in the study of the nature of biological forms.

　　2、syntax 句法学，句法学研究语言的句子结构。该语言学术语来自希腊语，字意是排列。句子是根据一种特定的排列词的方式构成的。

　　2. Syntax, which studies the sentence structure of a language. This linguistic term comes from Greek and has the meaning of permutation. Sentences are constructed according to a particular arrangement of words.

　　3、Schema Theory 图式理论，是指围绕某一个主题组织起来的知识的表征和贮存方式为基础的理论。

　　3. Schema Theory Schema Schema Schema Theory is a theory based on the representation and storage of knowledge organized around a subject.

　　4、TG grammar (Transformational-generative grammar) 转换生成语法，转换生成语法是美国语言学家乔姆斯基提出的一个描述语法的一个术语，简单的说，转换-生成语法理论研究的是人类为什么会说话以及如何了解新的句子。

　　4. Transformational-generative grammar is a term of descriptive grammar proposed by American linguist Chomsky. Simply put, the theory of transformational-generative grammar studies why human beings speak and how to understand new sentences.

　　5、applied linguistics 应用语言学，应用语言学是用语言学的理论和方法解决语言在社会生活中的应用产生的问题。

　　5. Applied linguistics is applied linguistics. Applied linguistics uses linguistic theories and methods to solve the problems arising from the application of language in social life.

　　6、cognitive linguistics 认知语言学，认知语言学提出语言的创建、学习及运用，从基本上都必须透过人类的认知加以解释，因为认知能力是人类知识的根本。

　　6. Cognitive linguistics, cognitive linguistics, puts forward that the creation, learning and use of language must be basically explained through human cognition, because cognitive ability is the foundation of human knowledge.

　　7、comparative linguistics 比较语言学，比较语言学，把有关各种语言放在一起加以共时比较或把同一种语言的历史发展的各个不同阶段进行历时比较，以找出它们之间在语音、符号、词汇、语法上的异同与对应关系的一门学科。

　　7. Comparative linguistics, comparative linguistics, is a discipline that compares various languages together synchronously or diachronically at different stages of the historical development of the same language in order to find out the similarities and differences in phonetics, symbols, vocabulary and grammar and their corresponding relations.

　　8、computational linguistics 计算语言学，计算语言学是一门跨学科的研究领域，试图找出自然语言的规律，建立运算模型，最终让电脑能够像人类般分析，理解和处理自然语言。

　　8. Computational linguistics computational linguistics, computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary research field, trying to find out the laws of natural language, establish operational models, and ultimately enable computers to analyze, understand and process natural language like human beings.

　　9、corpus-linguistics 语料库语言学，语料库语言学是基于语言运用的实例(即语料库)的语言研究。语料库语言学可以对自然语言进行语法与句法分析，还可以研究它与其他语言的关系。

　　9. Corpus-linguistic corpus linguistics, corpus linguistics is a case-based linguistic study of language use (i.e., corpus). Corpus linguistics can analyze grammar and syntax of natural language, and study its relationship with other languages.

　　10、general linguistics 普通语言学，普通语言学又称做一般语言学，是对人类语言的看法和研究结果的理论概括，是研究语言的本质、发展和起源以及语言的类型和分类的语言学分支学科。

　　10. General linguistics, also known as general linguistics, is a theoretical summary of human language views and research results. It is a branch of linguistics that studies the nature, development and origin of language, as well as the types and classifications of language.

　　11、forensic linguistics 法律语言学，法律语言是学法与语言学交叉的一门边缘科学，分属于法学与语言学的研究范畴。法律语言作为法律的载体，它必须以恰当的语言形式表述法的内容，法律语言的研究必然要以法学理论的研究为基础，进而将法的内容，通过立法技术的处理，以精确的语言形式加以表述。

　　11. Forensic linguistics is a frontier science which overlaps the study of law and linguistics. It belongs to the research fields of law and linguistics. As the carrier of law, legal language must express the content of law in proper linguistic form. The study of legal language must be based on the study of legal theory, and then express the content of law in precise linguistic form through the treatment of legislative technology.

　　12、formal linguistics 形式语言学，形式语言学是国际语言学研究的主流学派，主要是建立一套形式化的原则和规则系统，试图从语言结构内部寻找对语言现象的解释。

　　12. Formal linguistics is the mainstream school of international linguistics. It mainly establishes a set of formalized principles and rules to try to find an explanation of linguistic phenomena from the inside of linguistic structure.

　　13、sociolinguistics 社会语言学，主要是指运用语言学和社会学等学科的理论和方法，从不同的社会科学的角度去研究语言的社会本质和差异的一门学科。

　　13. Socolinguistic sociolinguistics refers to the study of the social nature and differences of language from different social science perspectives by applying the theories and methods of linguistics and sociology.

　　14、psycholinguistics 心理语言学，心理语言学是研究语言活动中的心理过程的学科，它涉及人类个体如何掌握和运用语言系统，如何在实际交往中使语言系统发挥作用，以及为了掌握和运用这个系统应具有什么知识和能力。

　　14. Psycholinguistics, psycholinguistics, is a discipline that studies the psychological process in language activities. It involves how human individuals master and use language systems, how to make language systems play a role in actual communication, and what knowledge and abilities they should have in order to master and use the system.

　　15、synchronic linguistics 共时语言学，共时语言学又称静态语言学，是由索绪尔创立的一门语言学，为用交叉方法，区别两种语言或语音是否相同，或同语言两种词是否完全相同。此学科的特色，在于坚持在两同阶段语言中，要独立分析，以解决或了解两语言间的同性与差别问题。

　　15. Synchronistic linguistics, also known as static linguistics, is a linguistics founded by Saussure to distinguish whether two languages or phonetics are identical or whether two words are identical with each other in a cross-cutting way. The characteristic of this subject lies in insisting on independent analysis in the two languages at the same stage in order to solve or understand the problems of homosexuality and difference between the two languages.

　　16、diachronic linguistic 历时语言学，历时语言学是从纵向发展的角度研究某种语言从一个时代到另一个时代的发展变化的语言学分支。

　　16. Diachronic linguistic diachronic linguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies the development and change of a language from one era to another from the perspective of vertical development.

　　17、theoretical linguistics 理论语言学，任何对语言的结构状态和演变规律的研究都是理论的研究，可以称为理论语言学。

　　17. Theoretical linguistics is theoretical linguistics. Any study of the structure and evolution of language is theoretical and can be called theoretical linguistics.

　　18、neuro-linguistics 神经语言学，神经语言学研究产生、接收、分析和储存语言的神经机制，以及这一机制与语言的关系。

　　18. Neurolinguistic neuro linguistics. Neurological linguistics studies the neural mechanisms that produce, receive, analyze and store language, and the relationship between this mechanism and language.

　　19、orthography 正字法，正字法，即是确定正规使用的、书写和语法符合相关规范的文字。

　　19. orthography orthography, orthography, is to determine the regular use, writing and grammar in accordance with the relevant norms of the text.

　　20、philology 语文学，语文学又叫传统语言学，用于指十九世纪历史比较语言学产生之前的语言研究。

　　20. philology linguistics, also known as traditional linguistics, is used to refer to the linguistic research before the emergence of historical comparative linguistics in the nineteenth century.

　　21、semantics 语义学，语义学研究自然语言中词语意义的学科。也可以指对逻辑形式系统中符号解释的研究。

　　21. Semantics. Semantics studies the meaning of words in natural languages. It can also refer to the study of symbol interpretation in logical formal system.

　　22、semiology 符号学，符号学是研究意义活动的学说。符号就是意义，无符号即无意义，符号学即意义学。

　　22. Semology Semiotics, Semiotics is the theory of meaning activity. Symbol is meaning, no sign is meaningless, semiotics is meaning.

　　23、phonetics 语音学，语音学是对人类语言发音进行的研究，它包括建立一套描述语音的方法和体系，也包括与之相关的理论建构，还可以包括由此带来的应用前景。

　　23. Phonetics phonetics, phonetics is the study of human language pronunciation. It includes the establishment of a set of methods and systems for describing speech, the related theoretical construction, and the application prospects.

　　24、phonology 音位学，音位学研究语言的语音系统的一门学科，包括对当代语言的语音系统的分析和对历史语音变化的研究两个方面。后者在中国传统称为音韵学。

　　24. Phonology phonology, a discipline of phonology, studies the phonological system of a language, including the analysis of the phonological system of a contemporary language and the study of historical phonological changes. The latter is traditionally called phonology in China.

　　25、pragmatics 语用学，语用学是语言学各分支中一个以语言意义为研究对象的新兴学科领域，是专门研究语言的理解和使用的学问，它研究在特定情景中的特定话语，研究如何通过语境来理解和使用语言。

　　25. Pragmatics is a new branch of linguistics, which focuses on linguistic meaning. Pragmatics specializes in the understanding and use of language. It studies specific utterances in specific situations and how to understand and use language through context.