北京翻译公司为您介绍法律英文翻译的特点及技巧

　　随着各大企业的发展，法律英文翻译的使用也越来越多了起来，那么大家是否了解法律英文翻译中文的特点以及技巧都需要注意哪些吗?还不清楚的朋友来听听北京翻译公司的介绍吧!

　　With the development of major enterprises, the use of legal English translation is also increasing. Do you know the characteristics and skills of legal English translation in Chinese?

　　一、了解法律英语的特点

　　I. Understanding the Characteristics of Legal English

　　1.1 法律英语作为一种具有规约性的语言的分支，有其独特的语言风格特点，包括：用词准确、句子结构复杂、具有特别的格式等，而其中最重要、最本质的特点就是用词准确。法律文件中的词语是构成法律文件最基本的单位。对法律文书中一些专业词语的正确理解，是翻译法律文件的前提和基础。在翻译构成中，不能正确理解原文词义是无法进行翻译的。

　　1.1 Legal English, as a branch of the conventional language, has its unique linguistic style, including accurate use of words, complex sentence structure and special format, among which the most important and essential feature is accurate use of words. Words in legal documents constitute the most basic unit of legal documents. The correct understanding of some professional words in legal documents is the premise and basis of translating legal documents. In the construction of translation, it is impossible to translate without a correct understanding of the meaning of the original words.

　　1.2 法律英语用词特点注意：法律文书翻译中注意的文件中语句庄重、规范、书面语较多。

　　1.2 Attention to the characteristics of legal English words: In the translation of legal documents, attention should be paid to the solemn, standardized and written language.

　　1.3 法律翻译应从法律概念上理解词义： 古词和外来词出现频率高 、运用成对词和近意词 、大量使用命令词和情态动词。

　　1.3 Legal translation should understand the meaning of words from legal concepts: ancient words and foreign words are frequently used, paired words and synonyms are used, command words and modal verbs are widely used.

　　1.4 法律翻译也应从其法律概念出发，它反映着事物最本质的特征。从事法律文书汉英翻译，除了需要熟悉法律专业术语外，还要对法律词语的内容和结构进行分析，找出它们的共同点和不同点，再把经过分析而得出的深层含义从汉语转译成英语。

　　1.4 Legal translation should also start from its legal concept, which reflects the most essential characteristics of things. In order to translate legal documents from Chinese to English, besides familiarity with legal terminology, it is necessary to analyze the content and structure of legal terms, find out their similarities and differences, and then translate the deep meaning from Chinese to English.

　　二、法律英语翻译的译文的表现形式

　　2. Forms of Translation in Legal English

　　2.1 法律性文件应从句子理解之后，紧接着就是表达问题。汉英翻译不同于英汉翻译的是理解汉语，表达英语，这难免要受汉语习惯的影响，在选词、造句中总会有点“汉式英文”的味道。这仿佛是汉译英过程中的通病，但我们在汉英翻译中应尽量避免受汉语思维习惯的影响，要多注意两种语言的差异，使译文准确、流畅。但是翻译法律文书应该以“严谨”为宗旨，如果流畅和准确发生矛盾时，应选择后者。

　　2.1 Legal documents should be understood from sentences, followed by questions of expression. Chinese-English translation differs from English-Chinese translation in understanding Chinese and expressing English, which is inevitably influenced by Chinese habits. There is always a taste of "Chinglish" in the choice of words and sentences. This seems to be a common problem in the process of C-E translation, but we should try our best to avoid the influence of Chinese thinking habits and pay more attention to the differences between the two languages so as to make the translation accurate and smooth. However, the purpose of translating legal documents should be "rigorous". If there are contradictions between fluency and accuracy, the latter should be chosen.

　　2.2 准确性是法律语言的灵魂，立法语言所表述的内容是全体公民的行为规范，是人们的行为准则，同时也是司法人员的执法依据。因此，立法者要通过语言文字的准确运用来表述国家的立法思想和具体的法律内容，以便司法人员和全体公民能清楚地了解作为一个国家的公民，他们拥有哪些权利，承担哪些义务，从而明白哪些行为是被允许的，哪些行为是被禁止的，哪些行为是要受到鼓励或制裁的，以及一旦出现违法行为会产生什么样的后果及其应负什么样的法律责任。

　　2.2 Accuracy is the soul of legal language. The content of legislative language is the code of conduct of all citizens, the code of conduct of people, and the basis of law enforcement of judicial personnel. Therefore, legislators should express the legislative thoughts and specific legal contents of the country through the accurate use of language and letters, so that judicial personnel and all citizens can clearly understand what rights and obligations they have as citizens of a country, so as to understand which acts are allowed, which acts are prohibited and which acts are encouraged or restrained. What consequences will be produced and what legal liabilities will be incurred if an illegal act occurs?

　　2.3 法律英语的翻译，翻译不同于创作，翻译者本来就没有很多自己的机动性，法律英语的翻译者就更少有自己的机动性，翻译时一定要理解和忠实原文，并且正确地使用法律术语，在此基础上，尽量译得通顺、流畅、明白、易懂。

　　2.3 Legal English translation is different from creation. Translators do not have much flexibility. Legal English translators have less flexibility. When translating, they must understand and be faithful to the original text and use legal terminology correctly. On this basis, they should try their best to translate smoothly, fluently, clearly and easily.

　　2.4 法律文书汉英翻译涉及的问题很多，但最重要的问题乃是理解和表达。在英译法律文书的过程中，译者必须深入理解原文中的每个词语在具体上下文中的含义，着重领会法律文件语言的确切性;在表达时，要对每个经过挑选的英文词、句进行仔细推敲，选择出最确切的表达方式。当然，表达也应该有一个逐步完善的过程，切不可一拿到文件就动笔翻译，这样很难保证译文的质量。译者在翻译时，一定要不厌其烦地勤查专业工具书，对译文一改再改，使其达到严谨、准确、规范。

　　2.4 There are many problems involved in C-E translation of legal documents, but the most important one is understanding and expression. In the process of translating legal documents into English, the translator must have a thorough understanding of the meaning of each word in the original text in the specific context, emphasizing the accuracy of the language of legal documents; in the process of expression, the translator should carefully deliberate on each selected English word and sentence and select the most precise expression. Of course, the expression should also have a gradual process of perfection. It is impossible to translate documents as soon as they are available, which makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of the translation. When translating, the translator must not tire of diligently checking professional reference books and changing the translated text again and again so as to achieve rigorous, accurate and standardized translation.

　　在翻译实践过程中采用有效的方法提高翻译质量。在翻译法律英语时还必须考虑到其在法律制度和法律文化方面的差异，努力寻求搭建这些差异的桥梁，并灵活运用一些翻译技巧，使译文能准确传递原法律文本的信息。翻译人员只要多积累、多摸索、多实践，翻译水平就一定能快速提高。由于法律文体明显不同于其他文体，法律英语在语言表述上，必须表现其特殊性，这就要求翻译人员认真研究法律英语的语言特征。

　　In the process of translation practice, effective methods are adopted to improve the quality of translation. In translating legal English, we must also take into account the differences in legal system and legal culture, strive to build bridges between these differences, and flexibly use some translation techniques to enable the translation to accurately convey the information of the original legal text. As long as translators accumulate more, explore more and practice more, their translation level will surely improve rapidly. Because legal style is obviously different from other styles, legal English must show its particularity in language expression, which requires translators to study the linguistic features of legal English carefully.