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北京翻译公司为您介绍英文翻译过程中的一些技巧

  能够成为北京翻译公司的一员,每一位译员都会多多少少的掌握一些英文翻译的技巧,那么今天就让北京翻译公司为大家总结一下英文翻译时都有哪些技巧吧!

  To be a member of Beijing Translation Company, every translator will master some skills of English translation more or less. So let Beijing Translation Company summarize the skills of English translation for you today.

books

  1.词义选择

  1. Semantic Choice

  所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好,如果不能兼顾,则取意义,舍形式。越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时,要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。

  The so-called choice of word meaning refers to the original meaning of a word. The problem is that we should choose the correct meaning of a word in a specific situation. Correct word selection is an important link to ensure the quality of translation. It is of course the best way to achieve equivalence in terms of both word meaning and literal form. If we can't give consideration to both words, we should choose meaning instead of form. The more common a word is, the more it has a variety of definitions and collocations, the more difficult it is to determine the meaning of a word in the process of translation. When choosing words, we should pay attention to the broad and narrow meaning, the context, the praise and derogation of the meaning and the emotional color.

  例1

  Example 1

  原文:但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。

  Original: But usually every family will get together on New Year's Eve and have New Year's Eve dinner together.

  译文:However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.

  However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.

  分析:“年夜饭”此处实际就是每年一度的团圆饭,为了让译文更符合英语国家的习惯,这里用的是annual reunion dinner,理解起来更容易。

  Analysis: "New Year's Eve" here is actually the annual reunion dinner. In order to make the translation more in line with the habits of English-speaking countries, annual reunion dinner is used here, which is easier to understand.

  例2

  Example 2

  原文:人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)……译文:And doors will be decorated with red couplets…

  Original: People will also paste red couplets on their doors... And doors will be decorated with red couplets.

  分析:原文中“粘贴”的意思其实就是用对联装饰门窗,如果直译的话表达不出真实的意图,因此这里用了“decorate”,表意更直接。

  Analysis: The meaning of "paste" in the original text is actually to decorate doors and windows with couplets. If literal translation can not express the real intention, so here we use "decorate" to express the meaning more directly.

  2、词类转换

  2. Part of Speech Conversion

  词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。汉语的动态性和具体性特点使其在语言运用上多用动词。英语则因其静态性和抽象性特点在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向。在汉译英的过程中,适当转换词性,可以使泽文更符合英语表达习惯。

  Part-of-speech conversion is a commonly used method in Chinese-English translation. The dynamic and specific characteristics of Chinese make it use more verbs in language use. English, on the other hand, tends to be nominalized and prepositional in language use because of its static and abstract features. In the process of Chinese-English translation, proper conversion of parts of speech can make Zewen more in line with English expression habits.

  (1)动词→名词

  (1) Verb-noun

  汉语中动词使用比较频繁,而且动词既没有时态变化的约束,也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分,动词甚至可以充当句子的各种成分。相反,英语动词的使用受到形态变化规则的严格限制。一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,大量原来应该由动词表达的概念,常需借助于名词,因为名词比较不受形态规则变化的束缚,使用相对灵活、方便。

  Verbs are frequently used in Chinese, and verbs are neither constrained by tense changes nor divided into predicate verbs and non-predicate verbs. Verbs can even act as various components of sentences. On the contrary, the use of English verbs is strictly restricted by the rules of morphological change. A sentence often has only one predicate verb, a large number of concepts that should be expressed by verbs, often need to rely on nouns, because nouns are relatively free from the constraints of changes in morphological rules, relatively flexible and convenient to use.

  例

  example

  原文:各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异。

  Original: The customs and traditions of celebrating the Spring Festival vary greatly from place to place.

  译文:Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.

  Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.

  分析:原句中“欢度”是动词,但是如果译文中也用动词来表达,则整个句子的结构显得罗嗦,不够整洁,所以译文中用了“celebration”来表达,使得整个甸子更匀称、清晰。

  Analysis: In the original sentence, "Huan Du" is a verb, but if the verb is also used in the translation, the structure of the whole sentence is verbose and not neat enough. Therefore, "celebration" is used in the translation to make the whole dianzi more symmetrical and clear.

  (2)动词→介词

  (2) Verb Preposition

  介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也得以频繁出现。而且英语中有些介词本身是由动词演变而来的,具有动词的特征。因此,汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词来表达。

  Prepositions are closely related to nouns. The widespread use of English nouns makes prepositions appear frequently. Moreover, some prepositions in English are evolved from verbs and have the characteristics of verbs. Therefore, in Chinese-English translation, some verbs can be expressed by prepositions.

  例

  example

  原文:但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。

  Original: But usually every family will get together on New Year's Eve and have New Year's Eve dinner together.

  However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.

  However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.

  (3)动词→形容词

  (3) Verb Adjective

  汉语的一些动词也常常可以用英语的形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词这样的译文有时比直接使用动词更地道、标准。

  Some verbs in Chinese can also be expressed by English adjectives, which are usually homologous to verbs. Sometimes, the translation is more authentic and standard than the direct use of verbs.

  例

  example

  原文:在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。

  Original: The Ming and Qing Dynasties were particularly popular during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

  译文:It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

  It was widespread especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

  由于语法结构和修辞的需要,汉语的形容词和副词也可以转译成英语的名词。

  Due to the need of grammatical structure and rhetoric, Chinese adjectives and adverbs can also be translated into English nouns.

  例

  example

  原文……只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。

  The original text is ____________. Only these creatures are free to enjoy the evening.

  译文…leaving these living things to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.

  Translated into English ___________. Leave these living things to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.

  (4)名词→动词

  (4) noun-verb

  有些情况下,汉语的名词由英语的动词表达,此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。

  In some cases, Chinese nouns are expressed by English verbs, and the adjectives modifying nouns in Chinese are replaced by adverbials in English.

  例

  example

  原文:各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异。

  Original: The customs and traditions of celebrating the Spring Festival vary greatly from place to place.

  译文:Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.

  Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.

  分析:原文中“差异”为名词,为了符合英文的表达习惯,译文中将其转换为动词“vary”,原文中修饰“差异”一词的形容词“很大”转换为了副词“widely”,使译文更生动。

  Analysis: In order to conform to the conventions of English, the noun "difference" in the original text is transformed into the verb "variation", and the adjective "big" modifying the word "difference" in the original text is transformed into the adverb "wide" to make the translation more vivid.

  3、词的增补

  3. Addition of Words

  (1)语法需要

  (1) Grammatical Needs

  由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增词译法在汉译英中实际上是添加原文为了语言简洁而省去的成分,增补的词多为冠词(英语所特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词和介词等。

  Due to the differences between Chinese and English, Chinese-English translation often needs to supplement the omitted words or parts of speech in Chinese so as to make the translation meet the requirements of English grammar. In Chinese-English translation, additive translation actually adds elements omitted from the original text for the sake of simplicity. Most of the additions are articles (peculiar to English), pronouns or nouns (as subject, object, attributive, etc.), conjunctions and prepositions.
 

创建时间:2019-07-18 15:10
首页    北京翻译公司为您介绍英文翻译过程中的一些技巧

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