北京翻译公司英文翻译的方法以及技巧

　　在北京翻译公司，我们可以了解到英文翻译的方法以及技巧其实并不仅限于我们了解的那些，那么今天就让北京翻译公司来为大家介绍一下英文翻译的方法以及技巧吧！

　　In Beijing translation company, we can understand that the methods and skills of English translation are not limited to those we know, so today let Beijing translation company introduce the methods and skills of English translation for you!

　　一、词汇方面

　　1、 Vocabulary

　　（一）.词义选择

　　（1） . meaning selection

　　大多数英语翻译词汇是多义的，英语翻译时必须选择正确的词义。词义选择的方法有三:根据上下文和词的搭配选择、根据词类选择、根据专业选择。

　　Most English translation words are polysemy, so it is necessary to choose the right meaning in English translation. There are three ways to choose the meaning of words: according to the context and collocation of words, according to the category of words, according to the specialty.

　　（二）.词义转换

　　（2） . word meaning conversion

　　在理解英语翻译词汇的原始意义基础上，英语翻译时可根据汉语的习惯按引伸义译出;或用反义词语译出，即所谓的正文反译、反文正译。

　　On the basis of understanding the original meaning of English translation vocabulary, English translation can be translated according to the extended meaning according to Chinese habits, or translated with antonym words, that is, the so-called text anti translation and anti literal translation.

　　（三）.词类转换

　　（3） . part of speech conversion

　　英语翻译中很多由动词转化而成的名词、以及动名词、非谓语动词等，汉译时可将它们转换成动词。

　　In English translation, many nouns, gerunds and non predicate verbs are transformed from verbs. They can be transformed into verbs in Chinese translation.

　　（四）.补词

　　（4） . complement

　　是指原文已有某种含义但未用词汇直接表达，译文中需将这些含义补充进去，这样才更通顺易读，如：英语翻译中数词与名词之间没有量词，而译成汉语时可酌情增加。

　　It means that the original text has some meaning but is not directly expressed in words. These meanings need to be supplemented in the translation so as to make it easier to read. For example, there is no quantifier between numerals and nouns in English translation, but it can be added when it is translated into Chinese.

　　（五）.省略

　　（5） . omitted

　　是指原文中某些词在译文中省略不译，只要并不影响意义的完整。如：上面讲的汉语“量词”，译成英语时则可以省略;又如：英语翻译中大量使用物主代词而汉语中往往省略不用。

　　It refers to the omission of some words in the original text, as long as it does not affect the integrity of meaning. For example, the Chinese "Quantifier" mentioned above can be omitted when translated into English; for example, in English translation, a large number of subject pronouns are used, while in Chinese, they are often omitted.

　　（六）.并列与重复

　　（6） . juxtaposition and repetition

　　英语翻译在表达重复含义的并列结构中常采用共享、替代、转换等形式来避免重复，而汉语却常常有意重复表达以加强文字的力度，如：英语翻译的物主代词替代前面的名词，短语动词只重复介词而省略主动词，汉译时可考虑重复表达。

　　In English translation, the forms of sharing, substitution and conversion are often used to avoid repetition in the Paratactic Structure of expressing repetitive meanings, while in Chinese, the forms of intentional repetition are often used to strengthen the strength of the text, for example, the subject pronoun in English translation replaces the noun in front of it, the phrasal verb only repeats the preposition and omits the active word, and the repetitive expression can be considered in Chinese translation.

　　二、英语翻译句子结构方面

　　2、 On sentence structure in English translation

　　句子结构方面的翻译技巧，主要有三种类型：语序类、组合类和转换类。

　　There are three types of translation skills in sentence structure: word order, combination and conversion.

　　（一）.语序类

　　（1） . word order

　　1. 顺译法与逆译法

　　1. Forward translation and reverse translation

　　英语翻译在表达结果、条件、说明等定语从句、状语从句也很灵活，既可以先述也可以后述。而汉语表达往往是按时间或逻辑的顺序进行的，因此，顺译法也罢逆译法也罢，其实都是为了与汉语的习惯相一致。英语翻译表达与汉语一致的就顺译，相反的则逆译。有时候顺译法与逆译法的差别,就象前面谈的正译与反译,依译者的爱好而定。

　　English translation is also flexible in expressing attributive clauses and adverbial clauses such as results, conditions and explanations, which can be stated first or later. However, Chinese expression is usually carried out in time or logical order. Therefore, both the forward translation and the reverse translation are actually for the sake of consistency with Chinese habits. If the English translation expression is the same as that of the Chinese, it will be translated in sequence, otherwise it will be translated in reverse. Sometimes the difference between direct translation and reverse translation is just like the former one, which depends on the translator's hobbies.

　　2. 前置法

　　2. preposition method

　　英语翻译中较短的限定性定语从句、表身份特征等的同位语在译成汉语时，往往可以提到先行词(中心词)的前面。

　　In English translation, the short attributive clauses, identity features and other appositions can often be mentioned in front of the antecedent (the center word) when they are translated into Chinese.

　　3. 分起总叙与总起分叙

　　3. General classification and general classification

　　长句子和句子嵌套现象在英语中比较普遍，这是因为英语的连词、关系代词、关系副词等虚词比较活跃、生成能力强，可构成并列句、复合句以及它们的组合形式。

　　Long sentences and sentence nesting are common in English, because English function words such as conjunctions, relative pronouns and relative adverbs are active and have strong generating ability, which can form parallel sentences, compound sentences and their combination forms.

　　英语长句虽然长，但它既称为“句”，毕竟可以提炼成一个主干和由若干个定语从句、状语从句等构成的说明部分。用“三秋树法则”可简化出这个主干。

　　Although English long sentence is long, it is called "sentence". After all, it can be refined into a main body and an explanatory part composed of several attributive clauses and adverbial clauses. This trunk can be simplified by the "three autumn tree rule".

　　根据句子阐述的内容和汉语的思维习惯，采用分起总叙或总起分叙翻译法翻译即可。

　　According to the content of the sentence and the Chinese thinking habits, the translation can be divided into two parts: general description and general description.

　　总起分叙，就是先把句子的主干译出，然后分别译出其它说明部分，即先归纳后叙述;分起总叙，就是先叙述后总结。

　　The first is to translate the main part of the sentence, and then to translate the other parts separately, that is, to summarize first and then to narrate; the second is to narrate first and then to summarize.

　　4. 归纳法(综合法)

　　4. Induction (comprehensive method)

　　对于个别英语语言呈跳跃性的长句、蒙太奇性的长句，译者需要进行“综合治理”，重新组合，体会“翻译是再创造”这句话的含义，归纳而成明明白白的佳译。

　　For the long sentences with jumping and montage in some English languages, the translator needs to carry out "comprehensive management", recombine them, realize the meaning of "translation is re creation", and summarize them into a clear and good translation.

　　（二）.组合类

　　（2） . composite class

　　1. 分句法

　　1. clause method

　　有些句子由于“联系词”的联系,虽在形式上是一个句子,但句子许多成分的意义是独立的。将它们断开分成短句是完全可以的。断开的位置一般可选在这些联系词处。联系词通常由关系代词、关系副词、独立副词、伴随动词等担任。

　　Some sentences are connected by "connectives". Although they are a sentence in form, the meaning of many components of a sentence is independent. It is quite possible to break them into short sentences. The position of disconnection is generally selected at these contact words. The conjunctions are usually composed of relative pronouns, relative adverbs, independent adverbs and accompanying verbs.

　　2. 合句法

　　2. fold syntax

　　形式上为两个句子或多个句子，但意思紧密相关，只要译文不显得冗长，是可以合译成一个句子的。如：同主语的简单句、并列句可合成一个句子的并列成分，较短的定语从句、状语从句可由从句缩成主句的修饰成分。

　　In form, there are two or more sentences, but the meaning is closely related. As long as the translation is not lengthy, it can be translated into one sentence. For example, simple sentences and paratactic sentences with the same subject can be combined into paratactic elements of a sentence, while shorter attributive and adverbial clauses can be reduced to modifying elements of the subject sentence.

　　（三）.转换类

　　（3） . conversion class

　　1. 句子成分的转换

　　1. Transformation of sentence components

　　前面说到词类可以转译，句子成分在英语翻译时也可以转换。句子成分的转换主要是由译文里动词与名词的搭配关系改变了它们在原文里的语法关系引起的。

　　As mentioned earlier, parts of speech can be translated, and sentence components can also be converted in English translation. The transformation of sentence components is mainly caused by the change of grammatical relationship between verbs and nouns in the original text.

　　2. 被动语态的转换

　　2. Conversion of passive voice

　　一些被动语态句子可以按顺译法直译，但大多数被动语态的句子翻译时需要做一番转换才能使译文更加汉语化，这是汉语较少使用被动语态的缘故。

　　Some passive voice sentences can be translated directly according to the sequential translation method, but most of them need to be transformed to make the translation more Chinese, which is the reason why Chinese seldom uses the passive voice.

　　被动语态的改译常有三种方法：①还原成主动句：将by后的动作发出者还原成主语;增加“人们”“我们”等原文省略的动作发出者还原成主动句。②构造成主动句：使用“把、由、使、让、给”等词译成主动句。③转化成自动句：通过选择汉语译文的动词，将原文动词的承受者(即主语)转变成汉语中那个动词动作的发出者(仍然做主

　　There are three ways to translate the passive voice: first, it can be reduced to the active sentence; second, it can be reduced to the subject after by; third, it can be reduced to the active sentence by adding "people", "we", etc. ② Construct into active sentences: use the words "Ba, you, Shi, rang, Gei" to translate into active sentences. ③ Transform into automatic sentence: by selecting the verbs in the Chinese translation, the acceptor (i.e. subject) of the original verb is transformed into the sender (still the master) of the verb action in Chinese