英语翻译的特点你都掌握了吗？
随着经济的快速发展，英文已经在很多国家通用，那么作为北京翻译公司的一员，我们一定要熟练的掌握英语翻译的特点，那么接下来就让北京翻译公司详细为大家介绍吧！
With the rapid economic development, English has been widely used in many countries. As a member of Beijing translation company, we must master the characteristics of English translation skillfully. Then let Beijing translation company introduce it to you in detail!
英语属于印欧语系，而汉语属于汉藏语系，因此，两种跨语系的语言必然存在诸多差异。英语翻译最困难的地方通常是两种语言差异最大的地方。汉语属汉藏语系，约15亿使用者，现中国大陆地区、中国台湾、香港、澳门地区、新加坡官方语言，亦是联合国六种工作语言之一，主要流通于中国和新加坡、马来西亚、缅甸、泰国等东南亚国家以及美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本等国及海外华人社区。
English belongs to the Indo European language family, while Chinese belongs to the Sino Tibetan language family. Therefore, there must be many differences between the two languages. The most difficult part of English translation is usually the difference between the two languages. Chinese belongs to the Sino Tibetan language family, with about 1.5 billion users. It is the official language of mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and Singapore. It is also one of the six working languages of the United Nations. It is mainly distributed in China, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, as well as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and overseas Chinese communities.
英语和汉语两种语言由于文化、思维和发展环境的差异形成了各自鲜明的特点。因此，要想顺利完成英语翻译，就必须掌握两种语言的特点，并通过比较找出异同，从而更好地指导英语翻译工作。下面本文将从例句入手，通过探讨两种语言的差异，寻找英语翻译的方法以及特点。
Due to the differences of culture, thinking and development environment, English and Chinese have their own distinct characteristics. Therefore, in order to successfully complete English translation, we must master the characteristics of the two languages and find out the similarities and differences through comparison, so as to better guide English translation. This paper will start with the example sentences, through exploring the differences between the two languages, looking for the methods and characteristics of English translation.
英语翻译1.jpg
English translation 1.jpg
一、英语翻译中英语多名词。汉语多动词
1、 There are many nouns in English translation. Chinese multi verbs
阅读英语文献，尤其是官方文件时不难发现，英语中名词的出现频率极高，而往往在汉译时需要将英语名词转换为汉语的动词，以使译文更加通顺地道。
It is not difficult to find out when reading English documents, especially official documents, that the frequency of nouns in English is very high, and it is often necessary to translate English nouns into Chinese verbs in order to make the translation more fluent and authentic.
例一：We are afraid that the current slowdown will turninto a global slump．
Example 1: we are already that the current slow down will turn into a global slop
汉译：我们害怕当前经济放缓会转变成全球经济衰退。
We are afraid that the current economic slowdown will turn into a global recession.
分析：原句中的slowdown在英语翻译时被转变为动词“放缓”，相当于名词slowdown的动词短语slowdown。而原句中的slump被译作“衰退”，该词本身就有动词“暴跌”的含义。这样英语名词转换为汉语动词的情况十分常见，进行适当的转换可以使原文更加通顺。
Analysis: slowdown in the original sentence is transformed into the verb "slow down" in English translation, which is equivalent to the verb phrase "slow down" in the noun "slow down". In the original sentence, slop is translated as "recession", which has the meaning of the verb "slump". In this way, it is very common for English nouns to be converted into Chinese verbs. Proper conversion can make the original text more fluent.
例二：I’m a supporter of the nuclear power plant．汉译：我支持修建核电站。
I'm a supporter of the nuclear power plant.
分析：原句中supporter是名词，但是如果不变词性直接翻译成“我是一名核电站的支持者”会带有明显的翻译腔，因为汉语中直接可以说“我支持修建核电站”。
Analysis: in the original sentence, supporter is a noun, but if the invariant part of speech is directly translated into "I am a supporter of nuclear power plant", it will have an obvious translation cavity, because in Chinese, it can directly say "I support the construction of nuclear power plant".
二、英语翻译屈折形式的处理
2、 The treatment of inflectional forms in English translation
英语是一种屈折语，主要的屈折形式包括时态、所有格和名词单复数等。这些特点在翻译时要引起注意，正确处理好英语的屈折形式对英语翻译十分重要。
English is a kind of inflectional language. The main inflectional forms include tenses, possessives, singular and plural nouns, etc. These characteristics should be paid attention to in translation. It is very important for English translation to deal with English inflectional forms properly.
1、英语翻译时态的变化
1. The change of tense in English translation
英语通过单词形式的变化来表现时态的变化，汉语则借助时间副词和时态助词等来达到同样的效果。
English expresses the change of tense by the change of word form, while Chinese achieves the same effect by the help of time adverbs and temporal auxiliaries.
例三：I loved you．
Example 3: I lost you
汉译：我爱过你。
I loved you.
分析：这一个例子很简单，却能充分说明英语在单词时态上的屈折变化可以用来表示不同时间发生的事情。句中loved是过去式，说明动作发生在过去，翻译成汉语时可以借助加词来达到目的。汉语中表示过去的词有：时间副词曾(经)，时态助词过、了等等。
Analysis: this example is very simple, but it can fully show that inflectional changes in English word tenses can be used to represent things that happen at different times. Love is the past tense, which means that the action takes place in the past. When translating into Chinese, we can achieve the goal by adding words. In Chinese, there are some words to express the past: time adverb Zeng (Jing), tense auxiliary Guo, Le, etc.
例四：Luckily，inequality and fairness have moved right up the political agenda．
Example 4: lucky, equality and failure have moved right up the political agenda
汉译：所幸的是，消除不公、维护公正已经被提上政治议程。
Fortunately, eliminating injustice and safeguarding justice have been put on the political agenda.
分析：原句中的have moved是完成时，表示已经发生的事。汉译需要通过增加时间副词“已经”来获得同样的效果，所以在英语翻译中应注意时态的变化。
Analysis: the "have moved" in the original sentence means that something has happened when it is finished. Chinese translation needs to increase the time adverb "already" to achieve the same effect, so we should pay attention to the change of tense in English translation.
2、英语翻译中英语所有格
2. English possessive in English translation
英语中的所有格常常以名词+’S的形式出现，表示所属关系。在汉译时可以用不同的方式进行处理。例五：Today is yesterday’s pupil．汉译：昨日乃今天之师。
Possessive case in English often appears in the form of noun + 's, indicating the relationship of ownership. In Chinese translation, it can be handled in different ways. Yesterday is yesterday's teacher.
分析：原句中yesterday’s表示一种所属关系，即昨天和今天存在一种师生关系。当然也可以翻译成“昨天是今天的老师”，但原句是一句谚语，所以可以借鉴“失败乃成功之母”这类的表达。
Analysis: yesterday's in the original sentence means a kind of affiliation, that is, there is a kind of teacher-student relationship between yesterday and today. Of course, it can also be translated into "yesterday is today's teacher", but the original sentence is a proverb, so we can learn from such expressions as "failure is the mother of success".
当然，有时所有格不必译出。例六：Mother’s Day isn’t enough to make up for what mother hod costs．
Of course, sometimes the possessive case does not have to be translated. Example 6: mother's Day isn't enough to make up for what mother method costs
汉译：庆祝母亲节并不足以弥补当母亲所作出的牺牲。
Celebrating mother's Day is not enough to make up for the sacrifice of being a mother.
分析：这里的Mother‘S Day虽然存在所有格形式，但依据习惯译为“母亲节”即可，因为母亲节就是母亲的节日。类似的还有Teachers’D ay(教师节)，April Fools’Day(愚人节)，New Year’S Day(元旦)等等。
Analysis: Although there is a possessive form of mother's day here, it can be translated into "mother's Day" according to habits, because mother's Day is the mother's day. Similarly, teachers' day, April Fools' day, new year's day, etc.
3、英语翻译中名词单复数的变化
3. The changes of singular and plural nouns in English translation
例七：During the crisis，big companies started to lay off employees．汉译：经济危机期间，各大公司纷纷开始裁员。
During the crisis, big companies started to lay off employees.
分析：英语的companies是复数形式，而汉语不能通过词汇本身的变化来表现这一复数概念。因此，英语翻译时需要借助加词的手法。如上面的译文，通过“各”“纷纷”来表明复数概念。而employees的复数已经体现在“裁员”里面了，因为在汉语中“裁员”包含了不止一个的意思。
Analysis: English companies are plural forms, while Chinese can't express the plural concept through the change of vocabulary itself. Therefore, English translation needs the help of adding words. As in the above translation, the concept of plural number is expressed by "each" and "one after another". The plural number of employees has been reflected in "downsizing", because "downsizing" in Chinese contains more than one meaning.
其实，汉语中的“们”字可以加在代词或指人的名词后面，表示复数。效果相当
In fact, the word "men" in Chinese can be added after pronouns or nouns referring to people to indicate plural. Equivalent effect
