口译中的演讲技巧都有哪些？

　　口译相信大家都多多少少的听说过，那么大家是否了解在口译中的演讲技巧都有哪些吗?还不清楚的朋友来听听北京翻译公司的介绍吧!

　　I'm sure you've heard more or less about interpreting. Do you know what the speaking skills are? Not clear friends to listen to the introduction of Beijing translation company!

　　1、熟悉讲话场所，增强演讲效果

　　1. Familiar with the Speech Place and Enhance the Speech Effect

　　为了获得良好的沟通效果，译员在到达工作地点后，一定要先熟悉工作环境。观察发言人所处的房间设施情况，屋顶的高低、窗帘的厚度、房间的面积等都会对音效造成影响。

　　In order to achieve good communication effect, the interpreter must be familiar with the working environment after arriving at the workplace. Observing the speaker's room facilities, the height of the roof, the thickness of the curtain, the area of the room and so on will have an impact on the sound effect.

　　此外，发言人需要对多少观众讲话，是在讲台上发言还是流动讲话，这些问题译员都需要考虑。对于译员本人来说，是站在讲话人身边还是退到舞台一侧，有没有辅助工具(如麦克风)，是有支架的麦克风、手持无线麦克风还是便携式无线麦克风，在工作开始前的短暂时间里，应该尽可能充分地掌握情况。特别要注意调试麦克风，以免出现音质有问题或电池电量不够的尴尬场面。

　　In addition, translators need to consider how many audience speakers they need to address, whether they are speaking from the podium or on the move. For the interpreter himself, whether he stands beside the speaker or retreats to the stage, whether he has any auxiliary tools (such as microphones), whether he has a bracketed microphone, a handheld wireless microphone or a portable wireless microphone, he should grasp the situation as fully as possible in the short time before the beginning of his work. Special attention should be paid to adjusting the microphone in order to avoid the embarrassing situation of sound quality problems or insufficient battery power.

　　2、综合运用演讲的几大要素

　　2. Several Essentials of Comprehensive Utilization of Speech

　　讲话人声音的产生伴随着一系列生理过程–首先是从肺部呼出气流，气流经过喉，振动声带而形成声音;再经过咽、嘴和鼻腔，声音被放大和修饰，最后通过舌、唇、齿和颚等部位形成特定的音。译员在翻译中应注意演讲几个要素的运用：

　　The production of speaker's voice is accompanied by a series of physiological processes - first, exhaling airflow from the lungs, airflow passing through the throat and vibrating the vocal cords to form sound; then through the pharynx, mouth and nasal cavity, sound is amplified and modified, and finally through the tongue, lip, teeth and jaw to form a specific sound. Translators should pay attention to the application of several elements of speech in translation.

　　音量

　　volume

　　讲话人声音的大小和强弱程度。译员切勿大声喊叫，即使是发言人声音过大，也不可受到影响而提高音量。适中的音量即使自己的翻译容易被听众接受，也不会显得信心不足或喧宾夺主。在翻译过程中调节音量是必要的。译员从开始讲话就应注意观察听众表情，特别是最前排和最后排听众的表情。前排听众露出不快的表情或者后排听众露出不解的表情，都是音量不合适的信号。

　　The size and intensity of the speaker's voice. Interpreters should not shout loudly, even if the speaker's voice is too loud, it should not be affected and increase the volume. Moderate volume, even if its translation is easy to be accepted by the audience, does not appear to lack confidence or to dominate the audience. It is necessary to adjust the volume in the process of translation. From the beginning of a speech, an interpreter should pay attention to observing the expressions of the audience, especially those of the front and the last rows. The unhappy expression of the front audience or the puzzled expression of the back audience are all signals of inappropriate volume.

　　音调

　　tone

　　声音的高低程度。一般来说，译员在翻译中最好采用中音，因为中音显得沉稳可信，并应注意通过音调的变化让听众感受到友好、温和、诚恳和热情。作为译员，表现出强烈的情感是不合适的，不温不火的音调可以显得自己更加客观。然而，这绝不意味着译员应自始至终使用一种音调，单调不变的音调会使听众感到沉闷，极大地破坏演讲效果。

　　Sound level. Generally speaking, it is better for translators to use the baritone in translation, because the baritone appears stable and credible, and attention should be paid to making the audience feel friendly, gentle, sincere and enthusiastic through the change of tone. As an interpreter, it is inappropriate to show strong emotions. A soft tone can make him more objective. However, this does not mean that the interpreter should use a tone from beginning to end. The monotonous tone will make the audience feel dull and greatly destroy the effect of the speech.

　　节奏

　　rhythm

　　讲话人声音传递的速度快慢。通常，中文表达速度是每分钟150～180字，英文则是120～150词。虽然译员应该考虑所翻译的内容特点和讲话人所采用的速度而确定自己翻译传达的节奏，但在平均值上下浮动幅度过大，会造成听众接受信息的额外负担。因此，译员应采用中等速度，而且在重要信息点，如数字、专门用语、人名、头衔等和讲话人特别强调的关键词上应将速度适当放慢。在翻译过程中经常调整节奏也十分重要。

　　Speaker's voice is transmitted fast or slow. Usually, the speed of expression in Chinese is 150-180 words per minute, while that in English is 120-150 words. Although the translator should take into account the characteristics of the content of the translation and the speed of the speaker to determine the rhythm of his translation, the fluctuation of the average value is too large, which will cause additional burden for the audience to accept the information. Therefore, the interpreter should adopt a moderate speed and slow down appropriately on key information points, such as numbers, terminology, names, titles, etc. and keywords that the speaker emphasizes. It is also important to regularly adjust the rhythm in the process of translation.

　　停顿

　　pause

　　信息传递过程中的短暂休息。对于译员来说，适当停顿既能够自然大方地创造时间进行思考或修补翻译中的缺陷，又能够为信息表达带来更为出色的效果。马克·吐温在谈到演讲技巧时曾说过，“合适的词语也许有效，但没有任何词语比恰到好处的停顿更有效”。译员应该注意掌握停顿的时间，过长的停顿会让听众认为是译员翻不出来，从而影响他们对译员的信任;而过短的停顿又起不到什么作用。马克·吐温认为，“对一个听众的停顿要短;两个听众，停顿稍长一点;更多听众，停顿再长一点”。

　　A short break in the transmission of information. For an interpreter, proper pause can not only create time to think naturally and generously or repair the defects in translation, but also bring better results for information expression. When Mark Twain talked about speech skills, he said, "The right words may work, but no words are more effective than the right pause." Interpreters should pay attention to the time of pause, too long pause will make the audience think that the interpreter can not be turned out, thus affecting their trust in the interpreter; and too short pause will not play a role. According to Mark Twain, "a pause for one listener is shorter; for two listeners, a pause is longer; for more listeners, a pause is longer".

　　发音

　　pronunciation

　　讲话人所用语言的语音、语调和节拍是否正确。好的译员，首先应在中英双语口头表达上不存在任何障碍，发音起码应该符合所使用语言的规范和标准，避免地方口音的影响。这是译员的基本素质之一，此处不再详述。

　　Whether the pronunciation, intonation and rhythm of the language used by the speaker are correct or not. A good interpreter should, first of all, have no obstacles in the oral expression of both Chinese and English. At least his pronunciation should conform to the norms and standards of the language he uses and avoid the influence of local accents. This is one of the basic qualities of an interpreter, which is not detailed here.

　　吐词

　　Voice

　　讲话人能否清晰完整地说出词句。吐词清楚，对于有效传达信息至关重要。放慢讲话速度，是加强吐词的有效方法。同时，由于正式场合的发言不同于对话交谈，它往往要求讲话人将字词发得更加相对完整，字与字(词与词)之间的连读、弱读、吞音等则需要适当减少，更要避免在表达中加入带有个人习惯的不必要表达，如“嗯……”、“这个……”、“就是说……”、“Well…”、“Eh…”、“Yes…”、“OK…”等。

　　Can the speaker speak clearly and completely? Speaking clearly is essential to effectively convey information. Slowing down the speed of speech is an effective way to strengthen vocabulary. At the same time, because the speech in formal occasion is different from conversation, it often requires the speaker to pronounce the words more completely. The reading, weakening and swallowing between the words (words and words) need to be reduced appropriately, and the unnecessary expressions with personal habits, such as "Hmm..." should be avoided. "This..." "That is to say..." "Well..." "Eh..." "Yes..." "OK..." And so on.

　　3、保持良好大方的仪态

　　3. Keep good manners

　　除了言语表达以外，译员的身体语言同样十分重要。在翻译过程中，译员应考虑以下几个方面：

　　Apart from verbal expression, the body language of an interpreter is equally important. In the process of translation, translators should consider the following aspects:

　　穿着

　　Be dressed in

　　译员的穿着要大方得体，并根据工作的场合调整。在正式的谈判、会议、宴会等场合，译员需要着正装，但无需过于夸张;另外一些较为轻松的场合，如导游、参观、便饭等，可以着比较休闲一些的服装(BuisnessCausual)。如果不肯定如何着装，一定要向组织者询问。重要的是，良好的着装绝不等同于昂贵新潮的品牌服饰，而应是整洁、大方、得体的衣着。

　　The interpreter should dress appropriately and carefully, and adjust according to the working situation. In formal negotiations, meetings, banquets and other occasions, interpreters need to wear formal clothes, but not exaggerated; in other relaxed occasions, such as guides, tours, potluck, etc., they can wear more leisure clothes (Buisness Causual). If you are not sure how to dress, be sure to ask the organizer. Importantly, good dress is not the same as expensive and trendy brand dress, but should be neat, generous and appropriate dress.

　　姿态

　　attitude

　　站/坐姿要端正得体，身体不能频繁地大幅度摆动。站时双腿不能交叉，坐时不能翘腿或晃腿。工作时应保持高度投入的精神状态。

　　Standing/sitting posture should be correct and proper, and the body should not swing frequently and substantially. You can't cross your legs when standing, and you can't cross your legs or shake your legs when sitting. A high level of engagement should be maintained at work.

　　手势

　　gesture

　　作为译员，过多使用手势会给人抢风头的感觉。在非正式的日常工作口译中，译员可以适当在交流中辅以手势;但在正式场合，译员一定要保持端正持重，切忌手舞足蹈。

　　As an interpreter, using too many gestures can make people feel like stealing the limelight. In informal daily work interpreting, the interpreter can properly use gestures in communication, but in formal occasions, the interpreter must be upright and respectful, and never dance.

　　眼神

　　Eyes

　　增加与听众的目光交流，可以加强沟通的效果。不过，译员和来自不同国家和文化背景的人接触，应注意不同文化对于目光接触的禁忌。例如：欧美、阿拉伯国家的人在交谈时习惯直视对方的眼睛，而亚洲和非洲一些国家的人交谈时则避免直接目光接触，特别是不同性别、不同身份层次的情况下。如果是正式场合的演讲，译员则应和不同方位的听众进行目光交流，而且目光在某一方位停留的时间应相对延长一些，否则会给人飘忽不定、缺乏自信的印象。

　　Increasing eye contact with the audience can enhance the effectiveness of communication. However, when contacting people from different countries and cultures, translators should pay attention to the taboos of different cultures on eye contact. For example, people in Europe, America and Arab countries are accustomed to looking directly into each other's eyes when talking, while people in Asia and some African countries avoid direct eye contact when talking, especially in the case of different gender and different status levels. If a speech is given on a formal occasion, the interpreter should have eye contact with the audience from different directions, and the time for his eyes to stay in a certain position should be prolonged relatively, otherwise he will give the impression of uncertainty and lack of self-confidence.

　　表情

　　Expression

　　通过轻松自然的表情，时刻向听众传达友好。即使在翻译过程中有困难出现时，译员也不应该皱眉、瞪眼或流露出其它沮丧、无奈的表情。译员的面部表情需要表现出对听众的善意，也应展现自己对所翻译的话题的兴趣和把握。同时，译员不是演员，夸张做作的面部表情只会适得其反。

　　Through a relaxed and natural expression, always convey friendliness to the audience. Even when difficulties arise in the process of translation, translators should not frown, stare or show other expressions of frustration and helplessness. The translator's facial expressions need to show his goodwill to the audience and his interest and grasp of the translated topic. Meanwhile, interpreters are not actors, and exaggerated facial expressions can only backfire.